Jewish moneylenders, as depicted in a 15th century Spanish illustration

In Spain, Jews and conversos were often identified with the consumption of cured fatty fowl like goose and duck. These types of cured meats were seen as a Jewish version of ham that took the place of salt pork in cooking. For this reason, Jewish adafinas (stews) were sometimes depicted cooking with cured goose or duck meat instead of salt pork.

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The tradition of making goose or duck ham, as it is called, continues strongly in areas of Spain like the Catalan region of the Empordà. In Sefarad geese and ducks grew in the wild, but also lived in domestic flocks in virtually all geographic areas. They appear in market price lists and other Spanish texts like chronicles, legislation and literature. Large flocks of geese were kept by noble and middle-class households. One of the main concerns of the Spanish legislation from the medieval period onwards was to stipulate the fines and punishment to be endured by the watchers or owners of flocks that did damage to planted fields.

Geese were relatively easy animals to keep because they were foragers and aggressive enough to defend themselves from predators or poachers. Their meat was appreciated roasted; Spanish Inquisition records note the consumption of roast goose on the Jewish Sabbath. Duck and goose meat was fairly affordable, only slightly more expensive than chicken and far cheaper than mutton, which was the most expensive meat. Ducks and geese were also kept for their eggs and their feathers, which were useful for making writing pens and for stuffing mattresses, covers and pillows. In addition, they were rich sources of fat, which was rendered and could be kept in a cool place for a long time or could help preserve other foods. Preservation in fat was a popular method of keeping food for long periods of time without fear of spoilage because the fat prevented air from coming into contact with the foods.

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© Ana Gomez-Bravo, 2014