B&W image of La Vara newspaper from January 5th, 1940. Ladino in Hebrew script.

‘La Vara’ Ladino newspaper, issue from January 5th, 1940 covers the US Sephardic community’s efforts to help Turkey after earthquake of 1939. Image Credit: The National Library of Israel’s Historical Jewish Press.

By Isaac Alhadeff Professor in Sephardic Studies Devin E. Naar

When a devastating earthquake decimated Turkey in December 1939, New York’s most important Ladino newspaper, La Vara, initiated a campaign among Sephardic Jews in the US to raise funds to send back to “our homeland of birth” (nuestra patria de nasimiento). Under the headline La katastrofa turka: el dover de nuestros sefaradim (The Turkish catastrophe. The duty of our Sepharadim), the newspaper recounted the devastation — whole towns destroyed, thousands of families left homeless, thousands more killed as parents were forced to bury their children, and children to bury their parents. Survivors wandered about, in the mountains, in the cold, afraid to return to what had once been their homes.

And even though La Vara‘s editors were from Salonica (Thessaloniki), then in Greece, they insisted that responsibility to support Turkey and their Muslim brothers and sisters extended to all Sepharadim in the US, whether they came from within the borders of Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, or Turkey itself. Those territories, La Vara indicated, had all once been part of the Ottoman Empire. And since the Ottomans provided refuge to the Jews expelled from Spain in 1492, all Sepharadim owed Turkey today a debt of gratitude. They must rally whatever resources they had at their disposal, just as they had done in the wake of the burning of Izmir (Smyrna) in 1922–to send money, food, supplies during such a devastating time of need.

According to Joe Halio, the president of the Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture in New York and the grandson of Albert Torres, the publisher of La Vara, the newspaper’s ambitious campaign netted the significant sum of $30,000. Accounting for inflation, that amount would be the equivalent of about $600,000 today!

May La Vara‘s message and successful mobilization efforts be an inspiration for us all. Please see my colleague Canan Bolel’s post for her perspective on the recent earthquake in her home country, and for a list of organizations to donate to.

You can see the full issue of La Vara here: https://www.nli.org.il/…/newspapers/lavaranyc/1940/01/05/01…

Joe Halio has also kindly shared a transliteration he produced of the article that has been distributed via Ladinokomunita. It is reproduced here with permission.

La Katastrofa Turka
El Dover de Nuestros Sephardim

No ay alma ke no se degoye i korason ke no se adoloriye a meldar la katastrofa ke viene de arivar a la Turkia, nuestra patria de nasimiento. Miles de matados, mas miles de feridos, los ke restaron bivos estan arastrando por las montanyas al aire y al frio espantandose a tornar a sus kazas.

Las novedades dados por los korespondientes aze yorar a meldar los padres kavakando la foya para interar sus ijos y ijas aziendo el intero de sus genitores.

Nunka a avido una semejante kalamidad en la tiera Turka. A siertas vezes meldavamos de semejantes tremoras de tiera, aktos dela natura, ke no se pueden kontrolar, ma eran limitados i akontesian a raros intervalos, ma la katastrofa aktuala es komo el fuego de Sidom i Gemora, arastando vedre i seko, deshando en desdecha miles de almas inosentes.

El governo de los Osmanlis a sido para el puevlo Judio, dezde la Inkizision de Espanya el solo governo ke mos protejo. Mos ayudo, mos resivio en sus tieras sin demandar nada de nozotros.

Sultan Beyazid i los reyes ke vinieron despues de el asta la Turkia Republikana de oy mostraron bienkerensia enverso nozotros, kuando eramos persekutidos en otras tieras eran los Turkos ke mos resivian, eran siempre eyos ke se burlavan a la sivilyasion ke maltratava el Judio ke les dio su Dio.

Si a siertas vezes avia algunos reyes tolerantes en Evropa ke deshavan al Judio bivir en pas, otros venian i destruian todo. Israel estava siempre kon el baston del egzilo, biviendo siempre kon el espanto de loke un nuevo podestador puede ser. Pero, no fue ansi en Turkia. No importa kien era el nuevo Sultan el era tolerente, su relijion le ensenya la tolerensia, esta tolerensia oriental es la enbedia del mundo Kristiano.

Los Sultanes Turkos no demandaron nada de nozotros. Eyos dezeavan protejarmos i ansi por los 450 anyos ke los Judios bivimos en Turkia restemos en pas i lavorando en pas.

Agora viene la ora para nozotros Judios de todas las kolores de venir al ayudo de nuestros ermanos Mohamedanos. Agora es la ora para todos nozotros de mostrar nuestra gratitud a este puevlo ke todo el tiempo no supo ke avlar bien por nozotros.

Judios del todo el Balkan empesando dela Romania asta la Grecha deven una devda de gratitud a los Osmanlis. Es nuestro sakro santo dover de avrir nuestras manos i ayudarlos.

Nuestras sosietas, todas nuestras sosietas deven agora aunarsen, en esta trajedia y venir en ayuda de estos desfortunados.

La Croche Corelada Americana dio 10 mil dolares, los governos de Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria y Grecha dieron sus ayudo. El governo Grego mando una estafa de medikos i nursas para akudir a estas viktimas i es nuestro dover de azer lo mizmo.

El proverbio de Ben Sira es bien dicho agora. “Manda su pan sovre las fases dela agua ke a la fin delos dias lo toparas.”

Mostremos a nuestros ermanos ke la tolerensia mostrada por eyos puede ser pagado agora. Mostredmos a todo el mundo ke el Judio paga bien kon bien.

Egziste en nuestra sivdad mas de una sosieta ke sus miembros son nasidos de Turkia, sosiedades de Chanakale, Edirne, Angora, Izmirma, y mizmo las sosiedades ke aktualmente son de Grecha deven ajuntarsen i desidir en ayudo imidiato para las viktimas de Turkia.

Es en estas oras ke devemos akodrarmos, i si en estas oras mos akeyamos…… Dio save si no metemos en perikolo la vida de nuestros ermanos ke ayinda biven en Turkia.

En estas oras trajikas para nuestros konermanos mostremos jenerozamente i devuamiento. Vengamos a sus ayudo komo lo izimos en el fuego de Izmirna.

Demos loke puedemos al governo Turko en senyo de rekompensa por toda la buendad i tolerensia ke mos an mostrado asta oy.

Estamos seguros ke las sosiedades tomaran la inisiativa i kooperar en kualonke manera posivle por el sukseso de esta enterpriza de Hesed.

Portrait of Devin Naar smiling, in suite jacket

Devin E. Naar is the Isaac Alhadeff Professor in Sephardic Studies, Associate Professor of History, and faculty at the Stroum Center for Jewish Studies in the Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington. Born and raised in New Jersey, Dr. Naar graduated summa cum laude from Washington University in St. Louis and received his Ph.D. in History at Stanford University. He has also served as a Fulbright fellow to Greece. His first book, Jewish Salonica: Between the Ottoman Empire and Modern Greece, was published by Stanford University Press in 2016. The book won the 2016 National Jewish Book Award in the category of Research Based on Archival Material and was named a finalist in Sephardic Culture. It also won the 2017 Edmund Keeley Prize for best book in Modern Greek Studies awarded by the Modern Greek Studies Association.

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